1. overall structure
An injection mould is usually made up of two main parts: the fixed mould and the movable mould. The fixed mould is attached to the machine's fixed platen, while the moveable mould is attached to the machine's moving platen
When the mould is closed, plastic melt is put into it. When the mould is open, the product is pushed out of the mould by the ejection mechanism. The inside of the injection mould is divided into several functional systems that work together to finish the moulding process of plastic items.
2. System for making
The moulding system is the most important feature of an injection mould since it directly affects the shape, size, and surface quality of plastic items. The mould cavity and mould core are the main parts of the moulding mechanism.The cavity usually makes up the outside of the product, while the core makes up the inside, including the placements of holes, ribs, and interior shapes. When the mould is fastened, the cavity and core come together to provide a whole moulding space. Under high temperature and pressure, the plastic melt is pumped into this gap, and it hardens as it cools.
3. System for pouring
The gating system's job is to move the plastic melt from the injection moulding machine to the mould cavity. It is a crucial link between the injection moulding machine and the moulding system. A typical gating system has parts like the main runner, branch runners, sprues, and cold wells.The main runner brings the melt from the injection moulding machine's nozzle into the mould. runners then evenly spread the melt to each cavity. The gate is the last place for the plastic melt to enter the cavity. Its shape and position have a direct effect on how the product looks and how well it is moulded.
4.guidance system
The guidance system's major job is to make sure that the moving mould and the stationary are lined up correctly when the mould opens and closes. This stops the mould from moving, colliding, or wearing out in an unusual way.
guide pin and a guide sleeve are usually what make up the guiding system. mould is clamped, the guide pin goes into the sleeve first. This guides the mould to close in the right direction, making sure that the mould cavity and mould core fit together perfectly. The guiding mechanism is not very complicated, but it has a big effect on the mold's stability and accuracy when it comes to moulding.
5. ejection system
Ejector pins, ejector plates, ejector rods, and reset rods are all parts of a common ejection mechanism. Ejector pins are the most common parts used for ejection. Their number, position, and shape should be carefully planned out based on the product's structure to minimise white spots, deformation
Some items with complicated shapes or deep cavities also use specific ejection methods such core pulling, push blocks, or gas lift. A well-designed ejection system can not only make it easier to remove the product from the mould
6. System for cooling
The main job of the cooling system is to quickly and evenly lower the temperature of the mould and the product. This shortens the moulding cycle and keeps the product's dimensions stable. The cooling system usually has channels for cooling water, water inlets, water outputs, and sealing structures.
Cooling time is frequently a big part of the whole injection moulding cycle, so the design of the cooling system has a big effect on how efficient manufacturing is. If the cooling water channels aren't set up well, the product may not cool evenly, which can cause problems like warping, internal stress, or dimensional instability.
7. The structure of the formwork
The mould base is the main part of an injection mould that holds everything together and lets you install and secure different functioning systems. The fixed plate, moving plate, spacer plate, and bottom plate are all parts of a mould foundation.
The mould base does not directly take part in the moulding process, but its strength, stiffness, and stability do have a direct effect on how well the mould works. A good mould base can help keep the mould from changing shape, make the moulding process more accurate, and make the mould last longer.
8. Additional structure
Injection moulds also have a number of extra parts that are meant to improve the quality of the moulding and the reliability of the mould. The exhaust structure, for example, gets rid of air that is stuck in the mould cavity, which stops charring and short shots. The limiting structure controls the mould opening stroke to stop it from opening too much, and the positioning device makes it easier to place the mould accurately.These extra structures only make up a minor part of moulds, but they are quite crucial for making sure that production runs smoothly, especially when it comes to high-speed or high-precision injection moulding.
